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The Application of Collage Technique to the Art of Jewelry and Ornament
There are numerous variations of today’s jewelry and
ornamental artefacts. Besides traditional
approaches to the art of jewelry
and ornament, techniques used in different fields of art, using innovative
styles and materials, enrich the power of expression in designs.
One of the most important of these innovative
styles is collage technique. Collage
technique in visual arts is used with found objects such as newspaper,
fabric and wall paper on canvas or panel,
mostly with painted surfaces. Started to be used in Modern Art at the beginning of the 20th century collage
technique made an essential change of art and social life.
Art, of course, is not independent from
the current scientific, technological and sociological events. Every era has its own forms of expression. In the 20th century the idea of representation, that is only the outward appearance
to define the objects, began to lose validity. Parallel to developing technology and science artists have become aware of
this change and they started to reflect the idea of "beyond the visible” in their artistic
creations. This idea is the concept of using
compositions made by cutting, multiplying and combining various objects. It started with Cubism,
developed with Dadaism and Constructivism to Pop Art.
In contemporary art collage relates to a very important concept
such as what is art and what is
real. The implication of objects made in mass production
or by craftsmen in the structure of art makes the definition that an artistic creation has to be produced by the artist from
start to finish no longer valid. Instead of this now the idea, the
arrangement and the re-conceptualization define and almost question the
artistic creation. In terms of the reflection of the existing thoughts
beside items as art
or items of art, techniques have a great importance.
In different kinds of art the idea
of the availability of expression and of usability, independant from
the object, has
been revealed with techniques such as collage, assemblage and montage. Closely examining techniques such
as collage,
assemblage and
montage, which is the best thought to express todays social life and
way of thinking, the ways of the application of these techniques
and the essence of the idea they are containing,
seem not to be different from real life.
At the
beginning of the 20th century the todays meaning of
collage has been formed by cubist artists.
In this research the applications before the 20th
century are discussed as "pre-forms" which prepared the ground of collage technique. The effects and contact areas of combining techniques such as collage, assemblage and montage, which began to be used in the
19th century, continued expanding until
today. The social and economic reasons that led to the use of these techniques appeared in
the 18th and 19th centuries. This research discusses within the scope of these dates but as kinds
of art such as "miniature", "mosaic", "patchwork", "stained
glass", "icon" which prepared a ground of collage
techniques are assumed to be “pre-forms” of collage technique
these kinds of art are briefly mentioned in
this research.
Although in art of jewelry and ornament
collage technique is considered
to be developed with modern art in the 20th and 21th centuries,
in some way people
have always according themselves combined objects they gave a meaning to and
likewise produced and worn jewelery. In contrast to traditional ornaments and jewelry
where gold, silver etc. is used, the material used for collage
ornaments is devoid of value. But it is possible to say that collage
jewelery has a very high artistic and spiritual value because of the artist's creative efforts and because the jewelery bears a number of
parallel images from past and present life of the
person wearing it.
The purpose of collage ornament and jewelry is to reflect the strengthening of the relationship
between the person using the ornament and the ornament itself with abstract consepts like current life, past life, memories, love, faith, passion, mourning, joy, a date, sometimes a place or a name. Related to personal life these key concepts have very effective reflection. In a sense, personal life is reflected by these jewelry.
Alparslan Kazakli
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